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Uzbekistan

A tour of the cities of vanished civilizations

A cultural and archaeological journey through Karakalpakstan to fortresses and ancient settlements abandoned thousands of years ago. Amid desert landscapes lies the story of one of the most mysterious civilizations of Central Asia.

Duration
1 day
Season
Year-round
Group
from 1 person
Price
from $160
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Itinerary

1 day · tap a day to expand
  1. Day 1 Cities of vanished civilizations

    09:00 We start our exciting journey from Nukus.

    09:15–11:00 The tour begins with a look at the arts at the I. V. Savitsky Karakalpak State Museum of Arts, which has a superb collection of Russian avant-garde art from the 1920s and 1930s. Here every exhibit becomes a kind of time portal into an era of creative revolutions. That is why the museum has earned the nickname "The Louvre in the Desert."

    11:30 Transfer to Chilpik (1st century BC – 1st century AD), where you will learn about the history of Zoroastrian culture. A dakhma, the "Tower of Silence," rises before you, with a view of the Amu Darya River. This place sets everyone's imagination on rituals and mystique.

    12:30 Visit to the Kyzyl-Kala fortress (Red Fortress), 1st–7th centuries AD. This defensive fortress is part of the chain of Khorezm fortifications. Here you can examine its architectural features and feel the grandeur of ancient history.

    13:00 Visit to the Toprak-Kala Palace (the "Clay Fortress") of the 1st–4th centuries AD, which served as the residence of the kings of ancient Khorezm in the classical period. The surviving walls of Toprak-Kala let you feel the scale of the key events of its centuries-long history.

    14:30 Encounter with the majestic Ayaz-Kala fortress, which defended the oasis from raids by desert nomads. This largest fortress of Ancient Khorezm dates back to the 2nd–7th centuries AD. From the top of this unique architectural landmark, a breathtaking view of the Kyzylkum Desert opens up. The fortress walls preserve the history of the Kushan Empire. Leaving this amazing place, we take with us vivid impressions of the grandeur of Ancient Khorezm.

    17:00 Transfer to Khiva. End of the tour.

Tour route

The tour route passes through the key archaeological sites of ancient Khorezm, linking modern cities and forgotten fortresses into a single historical line. The journey begins in Nukus and ends in Khiva, covering the region's most significant sites.

Along the way, the route includes a visit to Chilpik, a Zoroastrian Tower of Silence, as well as the fortresses of Kyzyl-Kala, Toprak-Kala and Ayaz-Kala, set amid desert landscapes.

Chilpik

Chilpik is a Zoroastrian Tower of Silence built between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. It was used for funerary rituals and reflects the religious beliefs of ancient Khorezm.

Kyzyl-Kala

Kyzyl-Kala is a mighty red-brick fortress that served as a defensive outpost and an administrative center. Its well-preserved walls give a sense of the scale of the ancient fortifications.

Toprak-Kala

Toprak-Kala was the capital of the Khorezm state in the 3rd–4th centuries AD. The complex of palaces, temples and residential quarters makes this site one of the most important archaeological monuments in the region.

Ayaz-Kala

Ayaz-Kala is a complex of several fortresses built on hilltops. It is considered one of the most impressive defensive complexes of ancient Khorezm and a symbol of the region.

Savitsky Museum

The tour begins with an encounter with art at the Savitsky Karakalpak State Museum of Arts, which has a magnificent collection of Russian avant-garde art from the 1920s and 1930s. Here every exhibit becomes a kind of time portal into an era of creative revolutions. That is why the museum earned the nickname "the Louvre in the Desert".

The route is designed to consistently reveal the evolution of the ancient cities of Khorezm—from religious structures and early settlements to powerful defensive complexes and capital centers, preserved to this day as open-air archaeological sites.

Tour price

The cost of the tour depends on the number of people in the group:

Number of people Price per person
1 person 160 $
2 people 85 $
3 people 60 $

Tour conditions

Starting point
Nukus
Duration
1 day
Price
from $160

Included

  • Transport services;
  • Entrance tickets to the Savitsky Museum
  • Guide services

Not included

  • Visa (the cost depends on citizenship);
  • Tourist tax;

Additional information

  • Prepayment 50%;

Good to know

6 answers to frequently asked questions

Do I need a visa to travel to Uzbekistan?

Citizens of most CIS and European countries don’t need a visa.

CIS and former USSR countries. Citizens of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia enter without a visa under bilateral agreements, with no fixed length of stay: for a long trip, temporary registration is required. Citizens of Kyrgyzstan can stay without a visa for up to 60 days, and those of Tajikistan and Turkmenistan for up to 30 days. Russians need an international passport: an internal passport will not be accepted.

Europe and the USA. Citizens of EU countries, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Norway can enter visa-free for up to 30 days, and US citizens also for up to 30 days (from 2026). Your passport must be valid for at least 3 months after entry.

Other countries. If a visa is required, it is applied for online on the e-visa.gov.uz portal; an e-visa is issued in about 3 business days. We will tell you how to get one.

Registration. Foreigners are registered at their place of residence within 3 days of arrival, and citizens of Russia within 14 days. In a hotel, the hotel does this; the tourist tax is usually already included in the bill. Keep the registration slip until departure.

Is there a professional guide and what languages are the tours offered in?

The tour is led by professional guides. Tours are available in Russian, English, French, German, and Italian (language selection is required upon booking).

Is special physical training required?

No. The tour does not involve long hikes. Sightseeing involves short walks on flat or sandy terrain.

Is the tour suitable for people without a deep knowledge of history?

Yes. The tour is designed for both history buffs and casual travelers—guides explain the historical context in detail and in an accessible manner.

Is it possible to go on a tour with children?

Yes, the tour is suitable for school-age children interested in history and travel. It's important to consider weather conditions and travel times.

What makes this tour particularly interesting for travelers?

This tour allows you to see real cities and fortresses of an ancient civilization in one day and get a sense of the scale of Central Asian history.

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What is the “Cities of vanished civilizations” tour?

The tour "Cities of Vanished Civilizations" is a cultural and archaeological journey through the territory of ancient Khorezm, one of the key centers of Central Asian civilizations. The route passes through places where fortified cities, religious complexes, and administrative centers once stood, now hidden among desert landscapes.

Kyzyl-Kala

Unlike traditional sightseeing tours, this route focuses not on modern cities, but on the remains of vanished cultures, their architecture, beliefs, and way of life. The tour allows you to appreciate the scale of ancient states and understand why Khorezm became one of the most important regions at the crossroads of trade and cultural routes.

This trip is for those who are interested in history, archaeology and ancient civilizations and want to see Uzbekistan more deeply than standard tourist routes allow.

About the region

Ancient Khorezm is one of the oldest cultural and state regions of Central Asia, which existed on the territory of present-day Karakalpakstan and the lower reaches of the Amu Darya more than two thousand years ago. Thanks to a developed irrigation system, trade routes, and fortified cities, Khorezm became a powerful center of civilization long before the arrival of the Arabs and Mongols.

The region is renowned for its unique concentration of open-air archaeological sites: dozens of fortresses, temples, and settlements have been preserved in the desert almost in their original form. It is here that one can trace the evolution of urban planning, defensive fortifications, and religious practices of ancient peoples, including Zoroastrian traditions.

Today, ancient Khorezm is considered one of the most significant archaeological regions of Uzbekistan and lets you literally touch vanished civilizations without leaving the scope of a single trip.

Why is it worth going on a tour of ancient cities?

A tour of the cities of vanished civilizations offers a rare chance to see real archaeological sites without museum display cases. The fortresses and ancient settlements of ancient Khorezm have survived in the desert just as time left them, creating the feeling of a genuine journey into the past.

The route encompasses several key monuments, each revealing different stages of the development of ancient states—from religious buildings to powerful defensive complexes. This allows one to not only explore the ruins but also understand the scale, structure, and logic of ancient cities.

The trip is especially valuable for those interested in the history, archaeology and cultures of Central Asia who want a deep, meaningful experience that goes beyond standard sightseeing programs.

Reviews

5.047 reviews

  • Ilya

    Thanks to the Xtrail guides for organizing and leading our trip to the ancient cities of Uzbekistan. We were all delighted with the tours of Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva. We highly recommend them!

  • Ruzalya

    The Uzbek vibe in all its beauty.
    Those 7 days in Uzbekistan are still spinning in my head.
    We started right away with the mountains. We headed to Chimgan, and it was the perfect decision. After a long flight, we were greeted by fresh air and cool weather. We climbed higher, looked out over the ridges, had rice soup and shashlik in some yurt, and realized we had already fallen in love. The mountains here are completely different: soft, green, not intimidating.
    Then we went down to Tashkent. The city turned out to be a pleasant surprise: modern, with huge bazaars where your eyes run wild. In the evening we sat in a teahouse, ate plov and shashlik, drank green tea, and didn't want to leave anywhere anymore.
    And then it took off. Samarkand… Registan is simply out of this world.
    Bukhara is a universe of its own. Narrow streets, old courtyards, the Lyabi-Hauz square where people drink tea in the evening and nothing is rushed. Time really slows down there.
    And the finale: Khiva.
    In short, one of the tastiest and most heartfelt trips in recent years. Uzbekistan hooks you strongly and quickly.

  • Anastasia

    On behalf of our whole cheerful group, I want to express sincere gratitude to the entire X-Trailtour team, and especially to Evgeny Shabanov, for the unforgettable excursions to the Jade Lakes and Aksagata Canyon! Your professionalism, positivity and attention to detail made our trip unforgettable. The stunning, breathtaking views of these places will stay in our memory forever. Thank you for your work and for caring about every participant of the tour.
    We wish you continued success and prosperity. We are planning a tour next year with X-Trailtour.

  • Tatyana

    It was a pleasure spending time with such a wonderful guide. Evgeny showed us everything we asked for. We recommend him!

  • Ksenia

    We want to say a huge thank you to Victoria for these wonderful two days! ❤️ Thanks to her, we didn't just see the beautiful sights of Tashkent, we truly immersed ourselves in the history, culture and traditions of Uzbekistan. We learned a lot of interesting things, tried national dishes and felt the special atmosphere of this amazing country.
    And special thanks to Victoria for her responsiveness and willingness to help! In some situations she literally saved us, helped us sort out our problems and did everything to make the trip comfortable and leave us with only pleasant impressions and lots of great photos))
    Thank you for introducing us to Uzbekistan, for your attention and your warm, heartfelt approach 🥰🫶

  • Ilona Toots

    Our family and our friends (including 2 kids) enjoyed a a day tour to Sukok. Unfortunately the weather was not co-operating, it kept raining the whole day and due to this the whole rode in the mountains was muddy and slippery. But Evgeni´s excellent guidance, positivity and knowledge of the scenery made the day a most memorable for everybody despite some rides on the bottom :DWe ate the local "Green Somsas" on the way, drank water from the mountain well, crawled through the cave and inhaled the amazingly fresh air.On another day we also had lunch at a huge pilaff restaurant and after that a fascinating tour in the city. Evgenii is very competent and tells interesting stories. Everything ran smoothly and in a very friendly atmosphere, the tour bus was excellent and the driver super helpful. So we can only support your choise of Xtrail Tour!

  • Elena Sitnikova and Tatiana Leikina

    Thank you to Evgeny Shabanov for two tours, of Tashkent and its surroundings. Yesterday we headed out of the city — we visited the Amirsoy mountain resort, saw the Charvak Reservoir, the village of Khodjikent with its 850-year-old plane trees, ancient petroglyphs, and the Institute of Solar Physics. Our emotions were off the charts — the cable car, the vast expanse of water, seeing walnuts growing on trees for the first time, and even picking some to take home! We felt like stalkers exploring the Institute of Solar Physics. Today’s city tour turned our walk into a fairy tale! We walked all day long, saw all the main sights, monuments, and squares, tried national dishes at a café, and even managed to buy tickets to a local theater! It was fascinating to learn about the country’s history, customs, and traditions, how people live today, and how the monuments on one and the same pedestal kept changing, and we saw lots of mosaics on buildings. We visited Chorsu Bazaar, saw new products being made there today, and learned how they came about. We explored a mahalla and were even invited into a courtyard. The day flew by, and we’ll definitely come back to Uzbekistan to travel with Evgeny and his team to other cities and neighboring countries.

  • Ilnur Khayrullin

    My wife and I, along with Evgeny, completed the hike to Yukhin Peak.

    Let me say up front: the whole time it felt as if we had asked a friend who knows tourism and the mountains inside out to organize this trip for us.

    Before the hike, I had a rather superficial idea of what awaited us. But in the end, everything turned out to be much easier, tastier, and more comfortable than I expected. Despite acclimatization and the physical exertion, we confidently completed all the stages of the planned itinerary and reached Yukhin Peak.

    There were times when we felt tired. But the fatigue quickly evaporated as more and more mesmerizing panoramas of the Pamirs opened up before our eyes.

    Zhenya was there throughout the entire route, offering advice on how to best adapt to the altitude and load, and helping with organizational matters.

    Great views, a great guide — our adventure had it all 😁

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